Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing of Peripheral Blood Reveals Immune Cell Signatures in Alzheimer’s Disease

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis involves various immune-related phenomena both in central nervous system and peripheral blood. However, the characteristics of immune cells is poorly defined AD at a single cell level. Method We profile 36,849 blood mononuclear (PBMC) from patients with amyloid positive (Aβ+) normal controls negative (Aβ-) by 5' single-cell transcriptome repertoire sequencing ranger standard analysis procedure. Based on gene expression profile, were clustered visualized t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (tSNE). In addition, we described features T receptor (TCR) B (BCR) clonotypes, V J skewed usage, amino acid length, diversity complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3). Result revealed five subsets, CD4+ cells, CD8+ natural killer monocytes-macrophages disentangled characteristic alterations subset proportion patterns AD. A total 31 cell-type-specific key genes, comprising abundant human leucocyte antigen multiple related pathways identified protein-protein interaction network pathway enrichment analysis. also found High-frequency amplification clonotypes decreased detected Conclusion abnormal infiltration complex TCR BCR presented As clone suggested activation adaptive response against specific antigens, speculated response, especially mediated cell, may have role This finding contribute to further research regarding mechanism development biomarkers or therapy.